ON A NEW SET OF RULES “ENGINEERING SURVEYS FOR CONSTRUCTION IN AVALANCHE-PRONE AREAS. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Authors

  • Pavel A. Chernous Special Research Bureau for Automation of Marine Researches, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia , Специальное конструкторское бюро средств автоматизации морских исследований Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук, г. Южно-Сахалинск, Россия https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-5717

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34753/HS.2021.3.2.145
+ Keywords

government regulations, avalanche danger, characteristics, calculation methods, assessments, accuracy, validity

+ Abstract

The first national document containing the rules for avalanche danger assessing: «Guidelines for calculating avalanche loads in the design of structures. VSN 02-73», appeared in Russia in 1973. Despite many shortcomings, it was used until recently. In 2018, new rules for avalanche danger assessing: «SP 428.1325800.2018. Set of rules. Engineering surveys for construction in avalanche-prone areas. General requirements» were worked out. Some of the shortcomings of the previous document were eliminated in it. Used terms and definitions are given. For the first time in a regulatory document, a method for identifying of avalanche starting zones is presented. The conditions under which an avalanche danger assessment is required are formulated more correctly. The method for calculating the speeds and runouts of flowing avalanches, which was in the previous document, has been excluded. The rules allow, in case of insufficient data for analysis, to calculate the maximum possible avalanche path boundaries, but not the boundaries of the specified probability. New sections have appeared on the application of aerospace, phytocenotic, dendrochronological methods, as well as methods for studying buried soils to assess avalanche danger. At the same time, there are contradictions and shortcomings in the new rules. Clearer and mono-semantic terms and definitions are needed. Method for estimating the speed of powder avalanches is insufficiently substantiated and give greatly overestimated values. There is no sufficient rationale for determining the boundary of the air wave (powder avalanche) impact. The methods for assessing snow accumulation in an avalanche starting zone do not take into account the spatial variability of the snow depth and can lead to large errors in the assessment of avalanche danger. The use of statistical modeling to assess the probabilities of avalanches and their characteristics, in the proposed form, is not correct and can lead to an underestimation of the avalanche hazard. One of the reasons for the imperfection of the new document is the lack of requirements for the accuracy of the estimates performed with its help. It is proposed to discuss the document content and its possible changes more broadly and substantively by the time the set of rules update.

+ Author Biographies

Pavel A. Chernous

eLibrary (РИНЦ) SPIN-код: 9801-3555

ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6006-5717

Scopus ID: 57195006512

+ References

Barbolini M., Issler D., Jóhannesson T., Hákonardóttir K., Lied K., Gauer P., Naaim M., Faug T., Natale L., Cappabianca F., Pagliardi M., Rammer L., Sovilla B., Platzer K., Surinach E., Furdada G., Sabot F., Vilajosana I. Avalanche Test Sites and Research Equipment in Europe ‒ An Updated Overview. Davos, 2006. 172 p.

Blagoveshchenskii V.P. Opredelenie lavinnykh nagruzok [Determination of avalanche loads]. Alma-Ata, Publ. «Gylym», 1991. 115 p. (In Russian).

Chernous P.A. Snegolavinnye raschety v normativnoi baze inzhenernykh izyskanii dlya stroitel'stva v lavinoopasnykh raionakh [Snow-avalanche calculations in the regulatory framework of engineering surveys for construction in avalanche-hazardous areas]. Sbornik dokladov mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii pamyati vydayushchegosya russkogo uchenogo Yu.B. Vinogradova «Chetvertye Vinogradovskie chteniya. Gidrologiya ot poznaniya k mirovozzreniyu» (g. Sankt-Peterburg, 23–31 oktyabrya 2020 g.) [Proceedings of international scientific conference in memory of outstanding Russian scientist Yury Vinogradov “IV Vinogradov Conference Hydrology: From Learning To Worldview” (St. Petersburg, October 23–31, 2020)]. St. Petersburg, Publ. VVM, 2020, pp. 366–371. (In Russian; abstract in English).

Chernous P.A. Monitoring vysoty snezhnogo pokrova pri izyskaniyakh dlya otsenki lavinnoi opasnosti [Snow depth monitoring during engineering surveys for avalanche hazard assessment]. Materialy Obshcherossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Izuchenie opasnykh prirodnykh protsessov i geotekhnicheskii monitoring pri inzhenernykh izyskaniyakh» (g. Moskva, 18 marta 2021 g.) [Materials of All-Russian scientific and practical Conference «Study of hazardous natural processes and geotechnical monitoring in engineering surveys» (Moscow, March 18, 2021)]]. Moscow, Publ. Geomarketing, 2021, pp. 124–130. (In Russian; abstract in English).

De Quervain M. Lawinenbildung [Avalanche formation]. Lawinenschutz in der Schweiz [Avalanche protection in Switzerland], Bd. 9 der Reihe Bündnerwald, Beiheft, 1972, pp. 15–32. (In German).

Eglit M., Yakubenko A., Zayko Y. A Review of Russian Snow Avalanche Models—From Analytical Solutions to Novel 3D Models. Geosciences, 2020, vol. 10, iss. 2, 77. DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10020077.

Issler D., Lied K., Rammer L., Revol R., Sabot F., Cornet E.S., Bellavista G.F., Sovilla B. European avalanche test sites. Overview and analysis in view of coordinated experiments. Mitteilungen des Eidg. Institutes für Schnee- und Lawinenforschung, 1999, vol. 59, 122 p. Persistent URL: https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl:17261.

Harbitz C.B., Issler D., Keylock C. Conclusions from a recent survey of avalanche computational models. Proceedings of the anniversary conference «25 Years of Snow Avalanche Research» (Voss,

–16 May, 1998). Oslo: Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 1998, pp. 128–139.

McClung D., Schaerer P. The Avalanche Handbook. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books, 1993. 272 p.

Moskalev Yu.D. Dinamika snezhnykh lavin i snegolavinnye raschety [Dynamics of avalanches and avalanche calculations]. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1977. 232 p. (In Russian; abstract in English).

Oechslin M. Lawinengeschwindigkeiten und Lawinenluftdruck [Avalanche speeds and air pressure]. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen [Swiss Forestry Journal], 1938, vol. 89, iss. 6, pp. 153–160. DOI: 10.5169/seals-768146.

Runich A.V. Obosnovanie metoda rascheta dvizheniya lavin dlya inzhenernykh tselei [Substantiation of the method for calculating the motion of avalanches for engineering purposes]. Sneg i snezhnye laviny. Trudy Vysokogornogo geofizicheskogo instituta [Snow and snow avalanches. Proceedings of the High Mountain Geophysical Institute], 1972, iss. 18, pp. 26–60. (In Russian).

Seliverstov Yu.G. Snezhnye laviny na ravnine [Snow avalanches on the plain]. Doklady i vystupleniya VIII nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Problemy prognozirovaniya chrezvychainykh situatsii». (g. Sankt-Peterburg, 8–10 oktyabrya 2008 g.) [Reports and speeches of the VIII scientific-practical conference "Problems of forecasting emergency situations" (St. Petersburg, October 8–10, 2008)]. St. Petersburg, Publ. MChS, 2009, pp. 149–156. (In Russian).

+ Read article online

Downloads

Published

2021-07-01

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2: Гидросфера. Опасные процессы и явления

Section

Issues of improving regulatory documentation

License

Copyright (c) 2021 П.А. Черноус

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Pavel A. Chernous. (2021). ON A NEW SET OF RULES “ENGINEERING SURVEYS FOR CONSTRUCTION IN AVALANCHE-PRONE AREAS. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Hydrosphere. Hazard Processes and Phenomena, 3(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.34753/HS.2021.3.2.145

Most read articles by the same author(s)