Разработка стенда для определения потребной толщины многослойных дорожных одежд лесных дорог

The main mechanical characteristics that determine the operational performance of forest road are the modulus of deformation, which characterizes the stiffness of the soil at the base and its resistance to deformation, as well as the modulus of elasticity, which characterizes both the deformation and the strength of the soil. One of the main parameters determining the values of these modules is the amount of soil deformation transmitted through the thickness of the pavement. Currently used methods for calculating non-rigid road structures, both analytical and experimental, are quite complex and do not have the required reliability. The error is especially high when designing multilayer road structures (three layers or more).  The authors propose a stand design for observing elastic and residual deformations under dynamic loading of multilayer road structures with the possibility of determining the required thickness of each layer experimentally so that only the evenly distributed weight of the upper layers is transmitted to the ground of the roadbed. The proposed stand allows for the visual determination the values of deformation (precipitation) of each layer under load and after removing the load, as well as experimentally determine the real values of the deformation modules of both each layer of the road structure and the underlying soil of the roadbed. The stand makes it possible to determine the discrete degree of deformation of each layer of the road structure and the underlying soil. That allows, based on the test results, to evaluate the effectiveness of deformation resistance in each layer and vary the thicknesses and types of materials of each layer so that each of them provides the greatest resistance to external load. Using the stand, theoretical studies can be carried out on the interaction of various materials in the composition of the road structure, the possibilities of their restoration when removing the load, and the distribution of deformations beyond the wheel imprint. The use of this stand expands the potential for studying the structures of forest roads, which allows to save road construction materials and to increase the efficiency of forest road construction.