Моделирование речной сети на основе цифровой модели рельефа: проблема «коротких» притоков

The developing of hydrological modeling under the conditions of a non-stationary climate, changing landscape of river basins, and a lack of observational data, asks the use of new data, such as terrain analysis data and data on the structure of river systems. The advent of high-resolution digital elevation models has opened up new opportunities in modeling. However, such modeling with modern data requires the development of new software and tools. In the past decade, structural-hydrographic analysis of river systems, as a scientific field, has faced as the blurring and, potentially, the loss of its research subject, as the loss of the main interrelationship "the river system - the topography of the basin of this system", if the data are obtained from different sources. Research with this subject is becoming key to the preservation and development of the entire scientific field. This article discusses some aspects of obtaining adequate models of the river network based on digital elevation models. The aim and basis of the research is the development of methods and technology for modeling the river network based on digital elevation models using various spatial data.

In a territory with a "young" topography and a non-equilibrium nature of river systems (the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus), using customized tools-add-ons for the ArcGIS Desktop environment, river network modeling was carried out in three basins according to 7 variants of the initiation function. A new conceptual problem was identified and methodically elaborated, which distorts the process of calibrating river network models and hinders the obtaining of adequate modeling results. The authors proposed an original model for the automatic construction of a river network with two calibrated parameters. Preliminary data were obtained on the heterogeneity of the nature of the formation of the river network in various landscape conditions, expressed in the different significance of the slope factor, as well as in landscape-conditioned spatial differences in the threshold values of the initiation functions.