ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ КАСКАДОМ ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩ СТОКА ВЗВЕШЕННЫХ НАНОСОВ РЕКИ ВИЛЮЙ
Авторы
- Д.В. Магрицкий ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова», г. Москва, Россия
- В.М. Морейдо Институт водных проблем РАН, г. Москва, Россия
- К.Н. Прокопьева ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова», г. Москва, Россия
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34753/HS.2022.4.1.68+ Ключевые слова
+ Аннотация
В статье приведены оценки влияния каскада вилюйских водохранилищ на трансформацию расходов воды и взвешенных наносов реки Вилюй. Оценки получены на основе данных многолетних сетевых наблюдений, а также экспедиционных измерений в августе – сентябре 2021 года и материалов спутниковой съемки. В ходе экспедиционных исследований оценено распределение мутности воды по акватории и глубине Вилюйского водохранилища, исследована продольная трансформация мутности воды – вдоль руслового Светлинского водохранилища и его нижнего бьефа вплоть до поселка Сунтар. Показано, что в результате подпора Вилюйским водохранилищем, бóльшая часть речных наносов откладывается в приустьевых зонах крупных притоков этого водоема. Здесь также наблюдается и наибольшая мутность воды по данным отбора проб воды и спутникового зондирования. По итогам георадарной съемки дна установлено, что осаждение значительной части речных наносов в верхних отсеках Вилюйского водохранилища объясняет практически отсутствие современных речных отложений в его приплотинной части. Составлен баланс наносов Вилюйского водохранилища с оценкой сбрасываемых в нижний бьеф наносов. По всем собранным данным описан характер продольной трансформации воздействий водохранилищ на расходы и уровни воды, расходы наносов и мутность воды по длине среднего и нижнего течения реки Вилюй. Показано, что не только на зарегулированной реке Вилюй, но и почти на всех ее притоках доминирует тенденция к снижению стока наносов. При этом обнаружены аномалии величин стока и гидрофизических показателей в некоторых притоках реки Вилюй, подверженных сильному антропогенному воздействию.
+ Биографии авторов
+ Библиографические ссылки
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