breakthroughs of ground dams, closure channel in the ground dam, dam break wave, the extreme discharge of the dam break wave, erosion rate, safety of water works facilities
+ Abstract
The work is devoted to the calculation of the size of the closure channel in the ground dams when water is poured from the water reservoir through peak and the extreme discharge of the dam break wave.
The authors analyzed the methods of calculation prescribed in regulations and recommended by regulatory authorities. The calculation was made of the morphometric characteristics of the closure channel and extreme discharge of the dam break wave by various methods for specific objects, the comparison with expert estimates of these parameters. It is noted that the method, described in two regulations, has no physical justification, because according to it the size of closure channel and the parameters of breakthrough wave do not depend on the initial volume of water in the reservoir. The calculation method in the third regulation, does not take into account such factor as the time of erosion and the results are different at times with different specified step of erosion depth. This regulation is characterized by the use of empirical relations, which have a rather narrow range of use, and a lack of account of the relationship between the formation of the closure channel and the value of water discharge.
Due to the lack of validity of the recommended calculation methods and large variation with expert estimates prescribed in the regulations, there is a need to create new alternative methods of calculation. This article discusses 2 such methods developed in various organizations. The first of them indirectly takes into account the material of the dam through calculated non-eroding velocity. The second one is based on the physical process of erosion, that is distinguishe it from others.
As a test of the calculated values, there were used data on several recent catastrophic breakthroughs of groundwater dams.
The comparison results allow us to conclude that alternative methods give greater accuracy.
Based on the previous, can be done a preliminary conclusion about the need to revise existing regulations.
+ Author Biographies
Tatiana А. Vinogradova, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Bobkov S.F., Boyarskii V.M., Veksler A.B., Shvainshtein A.M. Osnovnye faktory ucheta propusknoi sposobnosti gidrouzlov pri deklarirovanii ikh bezopas-nosti [The main factors for taking into account the ca-pacity of waterworks when declaring their safety] Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel'stvo [Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo], 1999, no. 4, pp. 2-9. (In Russian).
Chugaev R.R. Gidravlika: uchebnik dlya vuzov [Hy-draulics: a textbook for high schools]. Leningrad, Publ. Energoizdat, 1982. 672 p. (In Russian).
Frolov D.I., Volosukhin V.A. Sovershenstvovanie rossi-iskogo zakonodatel'stva po bezopasnosti gidrotekhnich-eskikh sooruzhenii [Improvement of the Russian legisla-tion on safety of hydraulic engineering constructions]. Byulleten' «Ispol'zovanie i okhrana prirodnykh resursov v Rossii» [Scientific, informative and analitical bulletin «Use and protection of natural resources of Russia»], 2012, no. 6, pp. 17-21. (In Russian).
Kadatskaya M.M., Vinogradov A.Yu., Katsadze V.A., Belenkiy Yu.I., Bacherikov I.V., Hvalev S.V., Kalyash-ov V.A. Analiz metodov rascheta nerazmyvayushchei skorosti pri proektirovanii vodopropusknykh i vodoot-vodnykh sooruzhenii lesnogo khozyaistva [Analysis of methods for calculating non-eroding speed in the design of culverts and drainage forestry facilities]. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskoi lesotekhnicheskoi akademii [Izves-tia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii], 2019, is. 227, pp. 174-187 (In Russian; summary in Eng-lish). DOI: 10.21266/2079-4304.2019.227.174-187
Katastrofy kontsa XX veka [Disasters of the End of the 20th Century] Ed. V.V. Vladimirov. Moscow, Publ. Geopolitika, 2001. 400 p. (In Russian).
Malik L.K. Chrezvychainye situatsii, svyazannye s gidrotekhnicheskim stroitel'stvom retrospektivnyi obzor [Emergencies related to hydraulic engineering construc-tion retrospective review]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel'stvo [Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel'stvo], 2009, no. 12, pp. 2-16. (In Russian).
Ponomarchuk K.R. Otsenka parametrov razvitiya prora-na pri razrushenii gruntovoi plotiny [Assessment of pa-rameters of closure channel development at destruction of earth dams]. Prirodoobustroistvo [Environmental Engineering], 2011, no. 3, pp. 77-82. (In Russian; ab-stract in English).
Tatiana А. Vinogradova, Мiron А. Makushin, Ivan А. Vinogradov, Еvgeni А. Parfenov, Mariya M. Kadatskaya, & Svetlana I. Sazonova. (2019). CALCULATION OF THE MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLOSURE CHANNEL AND THE EXTREME DISCHARGE DURING BREAKTHROUGHS OF GROUND DAMS. Hydrosphere. Hazard Processes and Phenomena, 1(2), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.34753/HS.2019.1.2.006
1.png)
